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Paris to quadruple number of CCTV cameras

Paris will quadruple the number of closed-circuit police cameras in its streets by the end of next year, after President Nicolas Sarkozy's promise to emulate London in an attempt to track crime and terrorism threats.

By Henry Samuel in Paris
Published: 1:47PM BST 16 Oct 2008

While the Paris metro and rail networks already operate around 9,500 CCTV devices, police have only 330 at their disposal to survey outside public areas. The new plan, dubbed "A Thousand Cameras for Paris", will raise that number to more than 1,200 – with most installed in high-risk areas and outside railway and underground stations.

The figure is still small compared with London, where each citizen is caught on average several hundred times a day. Britain has about four million closed-circuit security cameras compared with France's 340,000.

The CCTV drive follows Mr Sarkozy's pledge last autumn to follow London's surveillance lead. "I am very impressed by the efficiency of the British police thanks to this network of cameras," the French president said. "In my mind, there is no contradiction between respecting individual freedoms and the installation of cameras to protect everyone's security."

Until now, large meeting places such as the Place de la République, where strike protests usually start, and the busy Champs-Elysées were already heavily equipped.

But police want to beef up surveillance outside the Gare du Nord – where the London to Paris Eurostar terminates – the scene of several gang battles in recent months.

It will increase on the Champ-de-Mars – the area around the Eiffel tower – where violent youths recently attacked a group of students celebrating the end of their baccalaureate exams.

More cameras will be installed in the 19th arrondissement, where a Jewish youth was killed in June in an apparent anti-Semitic attack, as well as in the 18th arrondissement – home to Montmartre and the Sacré Coeur.

Paris's police chief will present the plan to city councillors next week. The capital's Socialist mayor, Bertrand Delanoë, long opposed to CCTV, recognised its effectiveness in fighting crime in his campaign for re-election this year.

"The objective is not to cover every road, every corner of the city, but to put video means where common sense dictates," one of the plan's authors told Le Figaro, which leaked the details.

Many of the current cameras are so low-resolution that the images are unusable in a court of law, local politicians say. Interior minister Michèle Alliot-Marie will draw up a charter to go with the new generation of cameras, limiting to 30 the days recorded images can be stored. There will be strict controls on who is allowed to view them.

French police also hope a mini spy-in-the-sky drone the size of a toy glider will help them track rioters and fight crime.

CCTV only effective at cutting car crime

CCTV is only effective in cutting vehicle crime and has little effect in reducing other offences, research for the Home Office has found.

The review of a series of CCTV studies revealed cameras that flood town centres and housing estates do not have a significant impact on crime.

In one city, it only led to increased reporting of offences to the police.

It will renew fears over the role of the CCTV network in the UK, which is already the largest in the world with the equivalent of one camera for every 12 people.

An analysis of 44 research studies was carried out by the Campbell Collaboration, a review body, which found that while cameras have a modest impact on crime levels, they are at their most effective in reducing car crime in car parks, especially when used alongside improved lighting and the introduction of security guards.

The authors, who include Cambridge University criminologist David Farrington, said CCTV should continue to be used but have a much narrower focus, such as reducing vehicle crime.

Results from a 2007 study in Cambridge which examined 30 cameras in the city centre found they had no effect on crime but did lead to a rise in the reporting of assault, robbery and other violent crimes to the police.

However, the Campbell Collaboration stressed that CCTV is more effective in reducing crime in Britain than in other countries.

It said CCTV is now the single most heavily-funded crime prevention measure operating outside the criminal justice system adding: "Over the last decade, CCTV accounted for more than three quarters of total spending on crime prevention by the British Home Office."

Chris Grayling, the shadow home secretary, said: "CCTV has definitely got a role to play in combating crime but its use should be decided by local communities."

Home Office to unveil first CCTV regulator to take control of Britain's army of cameras

A new regulator is to be appointed to oversee Britain’s four million CCTV cameras.

The Home Office is expected to announce the UK's first CCTV regulator later today Photo: PA

New standards for the use of CCTV images, as well as new guidance to ensure that police use CCTV images more effectively, are also to be unveiled by ministers today.

The news comes after the Home Office’s own experts found in a series of reports that CCTV was only effective in cutting vehicle crime and has little effect in reducing other offence.

Andy Rennison, the current Forensic Science Regulator, is understood to have been given the task of implementing the 44 recommendations of the two-year old National CCTV Strategy .

The strategy called for the creation of a “basic CCTV infrastructure” while also promoting “CCTV and its expansion by forming evidence-based business cases”.

There has also been frustration that despite the growth of the cameras, they are used only to solve a fraction of crimes. One source said: “Police need to make better use of CCTV evidence - they need a more systematic approach to ID suspects.

David Hanson, the Home Office minister, is expected to tell MPs that by the end of March, 17 of the 44 recommendations will have been implemented. A handful of the measures which have been overtaken by new technology are under review.

The CCTV network in the UK is already the largest in the world with the equivalent of one camera for every 12 people. Yet questions have been raised about its effectiveness.

Earlier this year research by the Home Office found that flooding town centres and housing estates with cameras did not have a significant impact on crime. In one city, it only led to increased reporting of offences to the police.

An analysis of 44 research studies found that cameras are at their most effective in reducing car crime in car parks, especially when used alongside improved lighting and the introduction of security guards.

The Campbell Collaboration said CCTV is now the single most heavily-funded crime prevention measure operating outside the criminal justice system, accounting for more than three quarters of spending on crime prevention by the Home Office.

Charles Farrier, a spokesman for campaign group NoCCTV, said the statement on the implementation of the strategy showed that “they are ploughing ahead regardless” of the criticism over the use of CCTV.

But Tom Reeve, editor of CCTV Image magazine, said: “CCTV is very effective to police to investigate crimes, even when the images not crystal clear. They lead to other avenues of investigation.”

What Is a CCTV Monitor?

CCTV stands for closed-circuit television. A CCTV monitor refers to one of the screens used in closed-circuit television.

Identification

1. Closed-circuit television is a system where images from cameras are sent to monitors that are directly connected to the cameras, unlike other types of broadcasting, which use airwaves to conduct signals.

Effects

2. Closed-circuit television can only be viewed on specific monitors and cannot be seen on televisions or other devices that are not directly connected to the cameras.

Uses

3. CCTV monitors display pictures used for a variety of purposes, including monitoring traffic, to show pictures at sporting events, to detect crimes and to monitor the functioning of machines or other equipment in factories.

Features

4. On most CCTV monitors, you can adjust the brightness and contrast to improve the display picture and turn off the equipment when not in use. CCTV monitors are available in black and white and color.

Benefits

5. When CCTV monitors are in plain view of the public, they may reduce the threat of vandalism and theft as potential perpetrators know they are being watched. In industrial settings, CCTV monitors help ensure quality control and productivity.

Survey reveals more CCTV cameras per head of population than almost anywhere else in London

THERE are more CCTV cameras in Redbridge than in almost any other London borough.

A survey by civil liberties group Big Brother Watch discovered that out of the 32 boroughs, only Wandsworth has more council-run cameras per head of population than Redbridge.

From their control room in Ilford, council operators have 2.8 cameras to watch every 1,000 people in the borough, and the borough’s total of 668 is the third highest number of any in the city.

Earlier this year, the council's decision to install 11 new cameras along George Lane in South Woodford was met with criticism from local business owners and shoppers.

Joe Federico, co-owner of Little Woodford Cafe in George Lane, said: “If they are going to fine people just for parking for one minute in George Lane it's going to be very bad for business. I can't understand the logic behind it really.

“The council might make money out of fining people but they're going to lose money on rates as you're going to have more empty units because shops will suffer.”

Neighbouring Waltham Forest council has just 74 cameras – or only 0.3 for every 1,000 people, while Newham has 204, which equates to 0.8 per 1,000.

Concern has been raised about the fact that many of the cameras may in fact not be working at any one time, and earlier this month police said that cameras on the Orchard Estate had failed to record the mugging of a man who was attacked by 16 robbers.

Redbridge Council’s cabinet member for community safety, Vanessa Cole, said: “I would say that residents have been the driving force for CCTV. All the surveys conducted for the last four years or so have put crime prevention and the fear of crime at the top of residents' lists of priorities.

"Our CCTV operators are trained to a very high degree and you will know that the borough commander has praised staff in their help in regard to several serious incidents, the murder in Ilford, the culprits were caught within 15 minutes of the incident, saving approximately £45,000 in police time and costs."

A spokesman for Big Brother Watch said: “Local councils across Britain are creating enormous networks of CCTV surveillance at great expense, but the evidence for the ability of CCTV to deter or solve crimes is sketchy at best.”

SVAT VU5 Indoor/Outdoor Night Vision Color CMOS CCTV Security Surveillance Camera - Bonus Pack of 8

Product Description

The VU5 is a high resolution indoor/outdoor color camera that provides a clear, consistent picture at 400 TV lines of resolution. It is an effective and simple addition to your existing security system, and gives you an extra eye when protecting your property. Always be aware of what is happening at your business or home with 11 infrared (IR) LEDs that allow you to see in the dark, up to 15ft away.
View in the Dark with Automatic Night Vision: The VU5 has complete night vision capabilities that allow you to see any monitored area (up to 15ft away) in total darkness. The 11 infrared (IR) LEDs activate automatically when it becomes dark and deactivate during the day to save energy.
Clear, Crisp Picture: The quality image sensor in this camera provides a clear and consistent picture at 400 TV lines of resolution.
Weatherproof Housing: The VU5 was designed to withstand the outdoor elements. Its professional grade weatherproof metal housing and sunshade help protect against rust and deterioration.
Easily Connect to TVs and DVRs: This compact camera can be connected to your television, monitor, or recording equipment without difficulty. Since there is only one wire to connect, setting up live viewing is simple and hassle-free.
Endless Mounting Options: The VU5 comes equipped with an adjustable bracket, so that you can mount the camera on a ceiling, wall, or desk effortlessly. With 60ft of included wiring, you have lots of flexibility for the installation of your camera.
List of Contents: Indoor/Outdoor Night Vision Camera, 60ft 4 PIN DIN to RCA (male) video/power wire, power adapter for camera, 2 window warning stickers, BNC connector, instruction manual, 1 year manufacturer's direct warranty.
This bundle includes 8 SVAT VU5 indoor/outdoor night vision color CMOS CCTV security surveillance cameras.

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Product Details

• Brand: SVAT
• Model: VU5-8PACK

Features

• This bundle includes 8 SVAT VU5 indoor/outdoor night vision color CMOS CCTV security surveillance cameras
• Do-it-yourself video surveillance camera that can be set up in minutes; Easy to install with standard RCA video connection; See in the dark with 11 automatically activated IR LEDs (night vision)
• Automatic night vision control activates the IR LEDs when it gets dark;View a clear, crisp picture and positively identify suspicious individuals; Professional weatherproof/rust proof housing with sunshade
• Weather resistant for all cold/wet/hot/dry seasons; Easily connect to TVs and DVRs for live viewing that is hassle-free; Wall, ceiling or table top mountable with extremely flexible bracket
• Connects easily to any surveillance system, TV, VCR, computer or DVR for viewing/recording; 60 feet of cable included for greater camera placement flexibility